TheJingrole originates from theFujingrole of the SongZaju. The jing (painted-face role) means all kinds of painted-faces and acts as the male role that has a particular personality or appearance. The performance of this part calls for exuberance. In some types of opera,Laodanis calledFudanorBodan.Ĭaidan, also calledChoudan, represents clownish and cunning females. He/She sings in their natural voices, in a style similar to that ofLaoshengbut in milder tones. Wudan refers to female characters skilled in the martial arts and can be subdivided intoDaomadan and Wudan,according to the social positions and skills represented.Daomadan is good at using pikes and spears, and at riding horses.Wudan always wears short robes and the role emphasizes acrobatics.Wudan plays gods and ghosts and has excellent fighting skills. Huadan is a role for a vivacious maiden, a young woman with a frank and open personality, or a woman of questionable character. Most of Qing Yi's lines are delivered in song, and even the spoken parts are recited in rhythmic style. Qing yi was the main Dan role in the Northern Zaju.Qing yi refers to young or middle-aged women with gentle and refined dispositions. The dan (female role) is divided into qing yi, wu dan, and hua dan, respectively representing: a middle-aged woman who always acts as a Mrs or Miss from a noble family a woman who can fight and a young girl who serves as a maid. The movements of the waist and legs are powerful, and a high level of martial arts skills is demanded in these roles.Duanda Wushengroles use short-handled weapons, and their movements are light and swift. The generals always carry long pikes.Wushengroles call for sturdy and vigorous actions, with resounding declamations. They are further subdivided intoChangkao Wuheng,Duanda Wusheng, Goulian Wusheng and Houxi Wusheng.They always wear helmets and thick-soled boots. Wushengstands for all of the male characters who appear in battle scenes. They always sing in their real voices, while inKunquandPihuangoperas the singing mixes natural and falsetto voices. Xiaoshengis a sub-category ofShengrepresenting young male characters. They sing in their natural voices, and their actions are serious ones. Most are upright and resolute characters. Laoshengis also known asXusheng, meaning bearded, because the actors wear artificial beards, as they are middle-aged or elderly men.
According to the age and social status of the characters,Shengfalls into five sub-groups:Laosheng, Xiaosheng,Wusheng, Hongsheng and Wawasheng(characters of children). This role appears in operas in all historical periods. Sheng, a male role, usually a leading one, dates back to Southern Dramaof the Song and Yuan Dynasties (960-1368).
These roles have the natural features of age and sex, as well as social status, and are artificially exaggerated by makeup, costume and gestures. In Peking Opera, there are four roles: the male and female roles, the painted-face role, and the comedic role.
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